Companion Planting
Companion Planting Guide
What Is Companion Planting?
Companion planting is the practice of growing different crops in close proximity for a better harvest. Some plants have complementary characteristics and can help each other with pest control, soil nutrition, pollination, beneficial insects, use of space, and overall garden health.
A familiar example of companion planting is the Three Sisters trio: corn, climbing beans, and winter squash. These crops were commonly planted together by many Native American communities because of the way they support one another.
The tall corn supports the climbing beans. The low-growing squash shades the ground, helps prevent moisture loss, and its large, prickly leaves discourage weeds and pests. The beans help fix nitrogen, making it more available in the soil.
Why Companion Planting Matters
Companion planting can help create a healthier, more balanced garden. Instead of relying only on sprays or fertilizers, gardeners can use plant relationships to support natural pest control, improve pollination, attract beneficial insects, and make better use of garden space.
Benefits of Companion Planting
- Helps attract pollinators
- Supports beneficial insects
- May reduce pest pressure
- Improves use of garden space
- Encourages biodiversity
- Can improve soil health
- Creates a more resilient garden ecosystem
Helpful Companion Planting Examples
- Tomatoes: basil, marigolds, onions, garlic, carrots, and parsley
- Peppers: basil, onions, carrots, oregano, and marigolds
- Beans: corn, cucumbers, carrots, radishes, and squash
- Cucumbers: beans, peas, radishes, dill, and sunflowers
- Carrots: onions, leeks, rosemary, sage, lettuce, and tomatoes
- Lettuce: carrots, radishes, strawberries, cucumbers, and onions
- Squash: corn, beans, nasturtiums, radishes, and borage
- Herbs: dill, cilantro, fennel, parsley, thyme, oregano, and basil can help attract beneficial insects when allowed to flower.
Plants That Attract Beneficial Insects
Beneficial insects are an important part of companion planting. They help pollinate crops and control pests naturally.
- Dill
- Cilantro
- Fennel
- Parsley
- Sweet alyssum
- Yarrow
- Calendula
- Cosmos
- Sunflowers
- Native wildflowers
Companion Planting Tips
- Plant flowers near vegetables to attract pollinators and beneficial insects.
- Mix herbs, flowers, and vegetables instead of planting large single-crop areas.
- Allow some herbs to flower for beneficial insects.
- Rotate crops each season to reduce disease and pest buildup.
- Use companion planting as part of an overall healthy garden system.
- Observe your garden and adjust based on what works in your own space.